Modificato il tema, aggiunto pagiona about e alcuni articoli

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piccihud 2024-07-12 21:12:08 +02:00
parent 328a333955
commit 9954f72d80
54 changed files with 3843 additions and 366 deletions

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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ summaryLength = 70 # number of words for article summaries
[params] [params]
author = "dado" author = "yak e dado"
description = "il nostro fantastico blog" # this will be added as metadata description = "il nostro fantastico blog" # this will be added as metadata
posts = "posts" # content directory where to find home page posts; default searches in "posts" and "post" posts = "posts" # content directory where to find home page posts; default searches in "posts" and "post"
showPostsLink = true # show or hide the link to the simple post list showPostsLink = true # show or hide the link to the simple post list
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ summaryLength = 70 # number of words for article summaries
logoRightOfTitle = false # positions the logo to the right of the title; default: false logoRightOfTitle = false # positions the logo to the right of the title; default: false
showTags = true # show the Tags menu item; default true showTags = true # show the Tags menu item; default true
showRss = true # show the link for the RSS feed; default true showRss = false # show the link for the RSS feed; default true
imageInArticlePreview = true # show images in article preview; default false imageInArticlePreview = true # show images in article preview; default false
fitImageInArticlePreview = false # make article preview images fit the article preview instead of getting cropped fitImageInArticlePreview = false # make article preview images fit the article preview instead of getting cropped
@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ summaryLength = 70 # number of words for article summaries
# the folder it will look into can be customized with the pages variable # the folder it will look into can be customized with the pages variable
# in params above # in params above
# these links (menu.icons) will be added as icon links below the main nav # these links (menu.icons) will be added as icon links below the main nav
[[menu.icons]] [[menu.icons]]
identifier = "mastodon" identifier = "mastodon"
name = "Mastodon" name = "Mastodon"

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@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
---
title: About
date: 2024-07-12
description: Breve descrizione di chi siamo, dei nostri intenti e del nostro progetto
tags:
- about
- yak
- dado
---
Ciao!
Siamo due amici, [Andrea]() e [Davide](), aka *yak* e *dado*. Abbiamo ideato questo progetto, **Il nostro pianeta selvaggio**, un po' per gioco, immaginandolo come il nostro spazio, ossia uno spazio personale e anarchico (appunto selvaggio), nel quale portare le nostre passioni, raccontarci e, sopratutto, divertirci.
Oltre al presente sito web, come potete leggere dalla homepage, abbiamo in cantiere diversi servizi, tra cui un podcast, che partirà a breve!
Entrambi appassionati di Free Software, di cinema e di informatica, ma ognuno con le sue peculiarità: Andrea si occupa principalmente di gestire il podcast e tutta la parte audio, mentre Davide gestisce l'infrastruttura informatica che ci sta dietro.
Ringraziamo anche [Valentina](https://www.instagram.com/v4lent_4rt) per i bei loghi!

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@ -33,3 +33,4 @@ Per il monitoraggio pubblico dell'istanza e dei servizi annessi, vedere: [Kuma](
- Mailcow - Mailcow
- Wireguard VPN - Wireguard VPN
- ... - ...

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@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
---
title: Creazione e gestione chiavi SSH
date: 2024-07-06
author: dado
description: Come creare chiavi ssh per collegarsi a macchine remote
tags:
- linux
- ssh
- server
---
**SSH** è un protocollo client / server utilizzato per i login remoti. Utilizzando la crittografia per l'autenticazione, SSH fornisce un metodo
crittografato per accedere al server o ad un'altra macchina.
## Installazione SSH
```bash
sudo apt install openssh-server
sudo systemctl start ssh
sudo systemctl enable ssh #Abilita SSH all'accensione della macchina
```
## Creazione chiave SSH
Il protocollo SSH utilizza una tecnica di crittografia chiamata crittografia asimmetrica. Fondamentalmente, la crittografia asimmetrica è un sistema che usa una coppia di chiavi, cioè la *chiave pubblica* e quella *privata*.
La chiave pubblica può essere condivisa con chiunque, avendo come scopo principale quello di criptare i dati, convertendo il messaggio in un codice segreto. Questa chiave viene solitamente inviata ad altri sistemi, per esempio i server, per criptare i dati prima di inviarli su Internet.
Daltra parte, la chiave privata è quella che deve rimanere segreta e viene usata per decifrare i dati crittografati con la chiave pubblica. Senza di essa, è impossibile decodificare le informazioni criptate.
Questo metodo permette al client e al server di mantenere un canale di comunicazione sicuro.
Ecco cosa succede in background quando si avvia una connessione SSH ad un server:
- Il client invia la chiave pubblica al server;
- Il server chiede al client di firmare un messaggio casuale criptato con la chiave pubblica usando la chiave privata;
- Il client firma il messaggio e inoltra il risultato al server;
- Viene stabilita una connessione sicura tra il client e il server.
La coppia di chiavi viene creata sulla propria macchina (client) in questo modo:
```bash
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "<commento>" -f /home/user/.ssh/key_name
```
- dove `ed25519` indica lalgoritmo utilizzato per creare la firma digitale della coppia di chiavi. Se il sistema lo supporta, ed25519 è il miglior algoritmo per creare coppie di chiavi SSH;
- il flag `-C` è utilizzato per fornire un *commento* personalizzato alla fine della chiave pubblica, che di solito è lemail o lidentificazione del creatore della coppia di chiavi.
Ecco un esempio:
```bash
dado@WORKSTATION03:~
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "dado"
Generating public/private ed25519 key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (~/.ssh/id_ed25519): ~/.ssh/<file_name>
```
- <file_name> indica il nome del file in cui sarà salvata la chiave.
Poi verrà chiesta una *passphrase* da aggiungere alla coppia di chiavi. Questo aggiunge un ulteriore livello di sicurezza se, in qualsiasi momento, il vostro dispositivo viene compromesso. Non è obbligatorio aggiungere una passphrase, ma è sempre raccomandato.
Questo comando genera due file nella directory selezionata (comunemente ~/.ssh):
- la chiave pubblica con lestensione `.pub`;
- e quella privata senza estensione.
La chiave pubblica può essere vista con un semplice comando:
```bash
dado@WORKSTATION03:~
cat /home/dado/.ssh/<file_name>.pub
```
## Caricamento della chiave SSH nella macchina remota (server)
L'output del comando precedente deve essere copiato nel file **.ssh/authorized_keys** presente sulla macchina remota.
Per prima cosa, Si accede tramite SSH alla macchina remota:
```bash
ssh user@indirizzo_ip
dado@WORKSTATION03:~
ssh root@10.21.81.138 -p 1220 (per una porta differente dalla 22)
[15:33:25]root@server:~
cd .ssh
[15:33:31]root@server:~/.ssh
echo ssh-ed25519 ******************************************************* dado >> authorized_keys
```
Oppure, se si preferisce, si può utilizzare Nano ovvero Vim. Tramite il comando `cat .ssh/authorized_keys` o `less .ssh/authorized_keys` è possibile vedere la propria chiave nel file di configurazione.
### Configurazione SSH sulla macchina locale
Nel file di configurazione locale, va indicato come raggiungere l'host remoto:
```bash
dado@WORKSTATION03:~
vim .ssh/config
host <key_name> #il nome della macchina remota alla quale si accederà
hostname 10.21.81.138 #indirizzo ip della macchina remota
user root
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/<file_name> #indicare il percorso della chiave ssh privata
TCPKeepAlive yes
port 22
```
### Accedere alla macchina remota
Per accedere a una macchina server tramite SSH è necessario conoscere l'indirizzo ip di questa macchina e il nome dell'utente. Ciò è possibile scoprirlo con questi semplici comandi:
```bash
hostname -I
192.168.0.115
whoami
dado
```
In assenza della chiave, quindi si può sempre accedere in questo modo:
```bash
ssh dado@192.168.0.115
```
Altrimenti, per accedere alla macchina basta digitare:
`ssh <key_name>`
Ad esempio:
```bash
dado@WORKSTATION03:~
ssh mnt-bbb
```
## Aggiungere la Chiave SSH allAccount Git
Nelle impostazioni del proprio account, aggiungere la propria chiave pubblica nel campo `SSH and GPG keys`.
Quindi, configurare il file .ssh/config nella macchina locale:
```bash
# host gitea.it/dado
# hostname 10.97.57.55
user <name>
IdentityFile /home/user/.ssh/<file>
TCPKeepAlive yes
port 22
```
Modificare le impostazioni di `git`:
`git config --global --edit`
## Copiare la chiave pubblica in remoto
```bash
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub -p <port_number> <username>@<host>
```
## Collegamenti
- [https://linuxhint.com/enable-ssh-server-debian/](https://linuxhint.com/enable-ssh-server-debian/)
- [https://wiki.debian.org/it/SSH](https://wiki.debian.org/it/SSH)
- [https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh)
- [https://kinsta.com/it/blog/generare-chiavi-ssh/](https://kinsta.com/it/blog/generare-chiavi-ssh/)

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@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
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<meta name="author" content="dado" /> <meta name="author" content="yak e dado" />
<meta name="description" content="il nostro fantastico blog" /> <meta name="description" content="il nostro fantastico blog" />
@ -111,6 +111,10 @@
<li><a href="https://www.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it/pages/about/">
About
</a></li>
<li><a href="/tags/">Tags</a></li> <li><a href="/tags/">Tags</a></li>
@ -136,21 +140,6 @@
</div> </div>
<div id="links"> <div id="links">
<a
rel="noreferrer"
target="_blank"
class="nerdlink"
href="/index.xml">
&#xf09e;
<span>
RSS
</span>
</a>
<a <a

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@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="" lang="en"><head><script src="/livereload.js?mindelay=10&amp;v=2&amp;port=1313&amp;path=livereload" data-no-instant defer></script>
<meta name="robots" content="noai, noimageai">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=7" />
<link
rel="icon"
href='/favicon.png'
/>
<link
rel="shortcut icon"
href='/favicon.ico'
type="image/x-icon"
/>
<link
rel="apple-touch-icon"
href='/apple-touch-icon.png'
/>
<link
rel="icon"
href='/logo.svg'
type="image/svg+xml"
/>
<title>
Il nostro pianeta selvaggio
</title>
<link href="/symbols-nerd-font/symbols-nerd-font.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha512-lydow8GLOLlYNOtHlksNCmGWWCBsbIEtikXpHzfWqx78HLlyQZHOzyLwPpKol4Th6aCwLUXOfODVYgwrd3nwKQ=="/>
<link href="/jetbrains-mono/jetbrains-mono.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha512-tJxlgL6v1Y7kFf+qB8SloaAMKnOAw6WouknxXtIjkBux9Y/9aX81EUWOJO8c/3l98DmjG8brr4to7zaez606Fg=="/>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href=http://localhost:1313/css/styles.5e2a22e13c29c048fd40941bfdc5c45a61ea875b2cde3a8034e70bc20e64fe39686de6e22a3fcacd86e6d573108e36c1f27ee78bbf168791176e2e087587ccde.css integrity="sha512-Xioi4TwpwEj9QJQb/cXEWmHqh1ss3jqANOcLwg5k/jlobebiKj/KzYbm1XMQjjbB8n7ni78Wh5EXbi4IdYfM3g==" />
<meta name="author" content="yak e dado" />
<meta name="description" content="" />
<meta property="og:site_name"
content='Il nostro pianeta selvaggio' />
<meta property="og:title" content="" />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta
property="article:author" content="yak e dado" />
<meta
property="article:published_time"
content='0001-01-01T00:00:00Z&#43;0000' />
<meta property="og:url" content="http://localhost:1313/about/about/" />
<meta property="og:image"
content="http://localhost:1313/icon512.png" />
<meta property="og:description" content="ciao" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta property="twitter:domain"
content='localhost:1313'
/>
<meta property="twitter:url" content="http://localhost:1313/about/about/" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="" />
<meta name="twitter:image"
content="http://localhost:1313/icon512.png" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="ciao" />
<link rel="manifest" href="/manifest/index.json" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="baseContainer"><header class="">
<div class="titleAndSearchContainer">
<div id="titleContainer">
<a class="unstyledLink" href="/">
<img src='/logo.svg' alt='Logo'/>
</a>
<div class="rightOfLogo">
<div class="titleAndHamburger">
<h1>
<a class="unstyledLink" href="/">Il nostro pianeta selvaggio</a>
</h1>
<label id="hamburger-menu" for="main-nav-toggler">
&#xf85b;
</label>
</div>
<div id="wide_nav"><nav>
<input type="checkbox" id="main-nav-toggler" />
<ul id="main-nav">
<li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="/posts/">Posts</a></li>
<li><a href="/tags/">Tags</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="search">
<input id="searchbar" type="text" placeholder='Search' />
<span class="nerdlink" onclick="newSearch();">&#xf002;</span>
</div>
<script>
function newSearch() {
let term = searchbar.value.trim();
if (!term) return;
location.href = `/search/?q=${term}`;
}
searchbar.onkeyup = (ev) => {if (ev.keyCode == 13) newSearch()};
</script>
</div>
<div id="links">
<a
rel="me"
target="_blank"
class="nerdlink"
href="https://social.fairphone.community/@dado">
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<span>
Mastodon
</span>
</a>
</div>
</header>
<div id="contentContainer">
<div id="content">
<main>
<article class="card single">
<h1></h1>
<p class="date">
<span title='Date'></span>
0001-01-01
</p>
<div><p>ciao</p>
</div>
</article>
<a style="margin-bottom: 24px; display: inline-block;" class="shareBtn" onclick="openFediInstanceDialog();">
Share on the Fediverse
</a>
<div id="fediInstanceDialog">
<div class="bg" onclick="closeFediInstanceDialog();"></div>
<div class="dialog">
<h2>Enter your instance&#39;s address</h2>
<input id="fediInstanceInput" placeholder='Eg. mastodon.social' type="text" />
<div class="buttons">
<a class="shareBtn" onclick="closeFediInstanceDialog();">Cancel</a>
<a class="shareBtn" onclick="shareOnFedi();">Share</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
var articleTitle = '';
var articleLink = 'http:\/\/localhost:1313\/about\/about\/';
var fediInstanceDialog = document.getElementById('fediInstanceDialog');
var fediInstanceInput = document.getElementById('fediInstanceInput');
function openFediInstanceDialog() {
fediInstanceDialog.classList.add('open');
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}
function fixURL(url) {
if (url.substr(0, 8) == 'https://') return url;
if (url.substr(0, 7) == 'http://') return url;
return 'https://' + url;
}
function shareOnFedi() {
let instance = fediInstanceInput.value.trim();
if (!instance) {
return;
}
instance = fixURL(instance);
window.open(
`${instance}/share?text=${articleTitle}%20${articleLink}`,
'__blank'
);
closeFediInstanceDialog();
}
</script>
</main><footer>
<hr />
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2024 &copy; <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>
</small></p>
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<a href='https://gitlab.com/gabmus/hugo-ficurinia'>Ficurinia theme</a> for <a href='https://gohugo.io'>Hugo</a> by <a href='https://gabmus.org'>Gabriele Musco</a>. Licensed under <a href='https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html'>GNU AGPLv3</a>.
</small></p>
</footer>
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@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
<link href="http://localhost:1313/about/index.xml" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="My nice blog" /> <link href="http://localhost:1313/about/index.xml" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Il nostro pianeta selvaggio" />
<link href="http://localhost:1313/about/index.xml" rel="feed" type="application/rss+xml" title="My nice blog" /> <link href="http://localhost:1313/about/index.xml" rel="feed" type="application/rss+xml" title="Il nostro pianeta selvaggio" />
<link <link
rel="icon" rel="icon"
@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
<title> <title>
Homepage &ndash; Abouts &ndash;
My nice blog Il nostro pianeta selvaggio
</title> </title>
@ -44,20 +44,20 @@
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<meta name="author" content="dado" /> <meta name="author" content="yak e dado" />
<meta name="description" content="A description for my website" /> <meta name="description" content="il nostro fantastico blog" />
<meta property="og:site_name" <meta property="og:site_name"
content='My nice blog' /> content='Il nostro pianeta selvaggio' />
<meta property="og:title" <meta property="og:title"
content='My nice blog' /> content='Il nostro pianeta selvaggio' />
<meta property="og:description" content="A description for my website" /> <meta property="og:description" content="il nostro fantastico blog" />
<meta property="og:type" content="blog" /> <meta property="og:type" content="blog" />
<meta property="og:image" <meta property="og:image"
@ -71,9 +71,9 @@
<meta name="twitter:title" <meta name="twitter:title"
content='My nice blog' /> content='Il nostro pianeta selvaggio' />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="A description for my website" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="il nostro fantastico blog" />
<meta name="twitter:image" <meta name="twitter:image"
content='http://localhost:1313/icon512.png' /> content='http://localhost:1313/icon512.png' />
@ -94,13 +94,19 @@
<div class="rightOfLogo"> <div class="rightOfLogo">
<div class="titleAndHamburger"> <div class="titleAndHamburger">
<h1> <h1>
<a class="unstyledLink" href="/">My nice blog</a> <a class="unstyledLink" href="/">Il nostro pianeta selvaggio</a>
</h1> </h1>
<label id="hamburger-menu" for="main-nav-toggler">
&#xf85b;
</label>
</div> </div>
<div id="wide_nav"><nav> <div id="wide_nav"><nav>
<input type="checkbox" id="main-nav-toggler" />
<ul id="main-nav"> <ul id="main-nav">
<li><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
@ -111,8 +117,6 @@
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@ -137,21 +141,6 @@
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<a
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&#xf09e;
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<a <a
@ -181,15 +170,25 @@
About:
Abouts
Homepage
</h2> </h2>
<ul class="list"> <ul class="list">
<li>
<div>
<span class="date">
0001-01-01
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<span>
<a href="http://localhost:1313/about/about/"></a>
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</li>
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@ -198,7 +197,7 @@
<hr /> <hr />
<p><small> <p><small>
2024 &copy; Some copyright notice - <a href="https://example.com/license">my license</a> 2024 &copy; <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>
</small></p> </small></p>
<p><small> <p><small>
<a href='https://gitlab.com/gabmus/hugo-ficurinia'>Ficurinia theme</a> for <a href='https://gohugo.io'>Hugo</a> by <a href='https://gabmus.org'>Gabriele Musco</a>. Licensed under <a href='https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html'>GNU AGPLv3</a>. <a href='https://gitlab.com/gabmus/hugo-ficurinia'>Ficurinia theme</a> for <a href='https://gohugo.io'>Hugo</a> by <a href='https://gabmus.org'>Gabriele Musco</a>. Licensed under <a href='https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html'>GNU AGPLv3</a>.

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About
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@ -141,21 +145,6 @@
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About
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<h3 id="our-services">Our services</h3>
<p>Al momento, sono self-hostati i seguenti servizi:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://podcast.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it">Castopod</a>: una piattaforma open-source per la pubblicazione e la gestione di podcast;</li>
<li><a href="https://rss.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it">FreshRSS</a></li>
<li><a href="https://git.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it">Gitea</a></li>
<li><a href="https://memo.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it">Memos</a>: una piattaforma di note e condivisione di contenuti che consente di organizzare e condividere facilmente le proprie idee e informazioni;</li>
<li><a href="https://ntfy.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it">ntfy</a></li>
<li><a href="https://vault.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it">Vaultwarden</a>: un gestore di password open-source;</li>
<li><a href="https://www.dadocloud.ovh">Nextcloud</a></li>
<li><a href="https://chat.dadocloud.ovh">Snikket</a>: una piattaforma di messaggistica istantanea basata sul protocollo XMPP;</li>
<li><a href="https://molly.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it">Mollysocket</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Per il monitoraggio pubblico dell&rsquo;istanza e dei servizi annessi, vedere: <a href="https://mon.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it/status/health">Kuma</a></p>
<h3 id="scheduled">Scheduled</h3>
<ul>
<li>RocketChat</li>
<li>Matrix (Dendrite)</li>
<li>Chatmail</li>
<li>Mailcow</li>
<li>Wireguard VPN</li>
<li>&hellip;</li>
</ul>
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About &ndash;
Il nostro pianeta selvaggio
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2024-07-12
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<div><p>Ciao!</p>
<p>Siamo due amici, <a href="">Andrea</a> e <a href="">Davide</a>, aka <em>yak</em> e <em>dado</em>. Abbiamo ideato questo progetto, <strong>Il nostro pianeta selvaggio</strong>, un po&rsquo; per gioco, immaginandolo come il nostro spazio, ossia uno spazio personale e anarchico (appunto selvaggio), nel quale portare le nostre passioni, raccontarci e, sopratutto, divertirci.</p>
<p>Oltre al presente sito web, come potete leggere dalla homepage, abbiamo in cantiere diversi servizi, tra cui un podcast, che partirà a breve!</p>
<p>Entrambi appassionati di Free Software, di cinema e di informatica, ma ognuno con le sue peculiarità: Andrea si occupa principalmente di gestire il podcast e tutta la parte audio, mentre Davide gestisce l&rsquo;infrastruttura informatica che ci sta dietro.</p>
<p>Ringraziamo anche <a href="https://www.instagram.com/v4lent_4rt">Valentina</a> per i bei loghi!</p>
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<p>Siamo due amici, <a href="">Andrea</a> e <a href="">Davide</a>, aka <em>yak</em> e <em>dado</em>. Abbiamo ideato questo progetto, <strong>Il nostro pianeta selvaggio</strong>, un po&rsquo; per gioco, immaginandolo come il nostro spazio, ossia uno spazio personale e anarchico (appunto selvaggio), nel quale portare le nostre passioni, raccontarci e, sopratutto, divertirci.</p>
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<p>Ringraziamo anche <a href="https://www.instagram.com/v4lent_4rt">Valentina</a> per i bei loghi!</p>
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<a href="https://www.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it/posts/ssh/">Creazione e gestione chiavi SSH</a>
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<title>Creazione e gestione chiavi SSH</title>
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<description><![CDATA[<p><strong>SSH</strong> è un protocollo client / server utilizzato per i login remoti. Utilizzando la crittografia per l&rsquo;autenticazione, SSH fornisce un metodo
crittografato per accedere al server o ad un&rsquo;altra macchina.</p>
<h2 id="installazione-ssh">Installazione SSH</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo apt install openssh-server
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo systemctl start ssh
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo systemctl <span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">enable</span> ssh <span style="color:#6272a4">#Abilita SSH all&#39;accensione della macchina</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="creazione-chiave-ssh">Creazione chiave SSH</h2>
<p>Il protocollo SSH utilizza una tecnica di crittografia chiamata crittografia asimmetrica. Fondamentalmente, la crittografia asimmetrica è un sistema che usa una coppia di chiavi, cioè la <em>chiave pubblica</em> e quella <em>privata</em>.</p>
<p>La chiave pubblica può essere condivisa con chiunque, avendo come scopo principale quello di criptare i dati, convertendo il messaggio in un codice segreto. Questa chiave viene solitamente inviata ad altri sistemi, per esempio i server, per criptare i dati prima di inviarli su Internet.</p>
<p>Daltra parte, la chiave privata è quella che deve rimanere segreta e viene usata per decifrare i dati crittografati con la chiave pubblica. Senza di essa, è impossibile decodificare le informazioni criptate.</p>
<p>Questo metodo permette al client e al server di mantenere un canale di comunicazione sicuro.</p>
<p>Ecco cosa succede in background quando si avvia una connessione SSH ad un server:</p>
<ul>
<li>Il client invia la chiave pubblica al server;</li>
<li>Il server chiede al client di firmare un messaggio casuale criptato con la chiave pubblica usando la chiave privata;</li>
<li>Il client firma il messaggio e inoltra il risultato al server;</li>
<li>Viene stabilita una connessione sicura tra il client e il server.</li>
</ul>
<p>La coppia di chiavi viene creata sulla propria macchina (client) in questo modo:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C <span style="color:#f1fa8c">&#34;&lt;commento&gt;&#34;</span> -f /home/user/.ssh/key_name
</span></span></code></pre></div><ul>
<li>dove <code>ed25519</code> indica lalgoritmo utilizzato per creare la firma digitale della coppia di chiavi. Se il sistema lo supporta, ed25519 è il miglior algoritmo per creare coppie di chiavi SSH;</li>
<li>il flag <code>-C</code> è utilizzato per fornire un <em>commento</em> personalizzato alla fine della chiave pubblica, che di solito è lemail o lidentificazione del creatore della coppia di chiavi.</li>
</ul>
<p>Ecco un esempio:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C <span style="color:#f1fa8c">&#34;dado&#34;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Generating public/private ed25519 key pair.
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Enter file in which to save the key <span style="color:#ff79c6">(</span>~/.ssh/id_ed25519<span style="color:#ff79c6">)</span>: ~/.ssh/&lt;file_name&gt;
</span></span></code></pre></div><ul>
<li>&lt;file_name&gt; indica il nome del file in cui sarà salvata la chiave.</li>
</ul>
<p>Poi verrà chiesta una <em>passphrase</em> da aggiungere alla coppia di chiavi. Questo aggiunge un ulteriore livello di sicurezza se, in qualsiasi momento, il vostro dispositivo viene compromesso. Non è obbligatorio aggiungere una passphrase, ma è sempre raccomandato.</p>
<p>Questo comando genera due file nella directory selezionata (comunemente ~/.ssh):</p>
<ul>
<li>la chiave pubblica con lestensione <code>.pub</code>;</li>
<li>e quella privata senza estensione.</li>
</ul>
<p>La chiave pubblica può essere vista con un semplice comando:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>cat /home/dado/.ssh/&lt;file_name&gt;.pub
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="caricamento-della-chiave-ssh-nella-macchina-remota-server">Caricamento della chiave SSH nella macchina remota (server)</h2>
<p>L&rsquo;output del comando precedente deve essere copiato nel file <strong>.ssh/authorized_keys</strong> presente sulla macchina remota.</p>
<p>Per prima cosa, Si accede tramite SSH alla macchina remota:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh user@indirizzo_ip
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh root@10.21.81.138 -p <span style="color:#bd93f9">1220</span> <span style="color:#ff79c6">(</span>per una porta differente dalla 22<span style="color:#ff79c6">)</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#ff79c6">[</span>15:33:25<span style="color:#ff79c6">]</span>root@server:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">cd</span> .ssh
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#ff79c6">[</span>15:33:31<span style="color:#ff79c6">]</span>root@server:~/.ssh
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">echo</span> ssh-ed25519 ******************************************************* dado &gt;&gt; authorized_keys
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Oppure, se si preferisce, si può utilizzare Nano ovvero Vim. Tramite il comando <code>cat .ssh/authorized_keys</code> o <code>less .ssh/authorized_keys</code> è possibile vedere la propria chiave nel file di configurazione.</p>
<h3 id="configurazione-ssh-sulla-macchina-locale">Configurazione SSH sulla macchina locale</h3>
<p>Nel file di configurazione locale, va indicato come raggiungere l&rsquo;host remoto:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>vim .ssh/config
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>host &lt;key_name&gt; <span style="color:#6272a4">#il nome della macchina remota alla quale si accederà</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>hostname 10.21.81.138 <span style="color:#6272a4">#indirizzo ip della macchina remota</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>user root
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>IdentityFile ~/.ssh/&lt;file_name&gt; <span style="color:#6272a4">#indicare il percorso della chiave ssh privata</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>TCPKeepAlive yes
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>port <span style="color:#bd93f9">22</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="accedere-alla-macchina-remota">Accedere alla macchina remota</h3>
<p>Per accedere a una macchina server tramite SSH è necessario conoscere l&rsquo;indirizzo ip di questa macchina e il nome dell&rsquo;utente. Ciò è possibile scoprirlo con questi semplici comandi:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span> hostname -I
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>192.168.0.115
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> whoami
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>In assenza della chiave, quindi si può sempre accedere in questo modo:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span> ssh dado@192.168.0.115
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Altrimenti, per accedere alla macchina basta digitare:
<code>ssh &lt;key_name&gt;</code>
Ad esempio:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh mnt-bbb
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="aggiungere-la-chiave-ssh-allaccount-git">Aggiungere la Chiave SSH allAccount Git</h2>
<p>Nelle impostazioni del proprio account, aggiungere la propria chiave pubblica nel campo <code>SSH and GPG keys</code>.</p>
<p>Quindi, configurare il file .ssh/config nella macchina locale:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#6272a4"># host gitea.it/dado</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#6272a4"># hostname 10.97.57.55</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>user &lt;name&gt;
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>IdentityFile /home/user/.ssh/&lt;file&gt;
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>TCPKeepAlive yes
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>port <span style="color:#bd93f9">22</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Modificare le impostazioni di <code>git</code>:
<code>git config --global --edit</code></p>
<h2 id="copiare-la-chiave-pubblica-in-remoto">Copiare la chiave pubblica in remoto</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub -p &lt;port_number&gt; &lt;username&gt;@&lt;host&gt;
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="collegamenti">Collegamenti</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://linuxhint.com/enable-ssh-server-debian/">https://linuxhint.com/enable-ssh-server-debian/</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://wiki.debian.org/it/SSH">https://wiki.debian.org/it/SSH</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh">https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://kinsta.com/it/blog/generare-chiavi-ssh/">https://kinsta.com/it/blog/generare-chiavi-ssh/</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
]]></description>
</item>
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@ -279,6 +395,29 @@
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<description><![CDATA[<h2 id="our-new-web-home">Our new web home</h2> <description><![CDATA[<h2 id="our-new-web-home">Our new web home</h2>
<p><img src="/images/hello-world/hello-world.jpg" alt="Fantastic Planet"></p> <p><img src="/images/hello-world/hello-world.jpg" alt="Fantastic Planet"></p>
<h3 id="our-services">Our services</h3>
<p>Al momento, sono self-hostati i seguenti servizi:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://podcast.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it">Castopod</a>: una piattaforma open-source per la pubblicazione e la gestione di podcast;</li>
<li><a href="https://rss.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it">FreshRSS</a></li>
<li><a href="https://git.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it">Gitea</a></li>
<li><a href="https://memo.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it">Memos</a>: una piattaforma di note e condivisione di contenuti che consente di organizzare e condividere facilmente le proprie idee e informazioni;</li>
<li><a href="https://ntfy.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it">ntfy</a></li>
<li><a href="https://vault.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it">Vaultwarden</a>: un gestore di password open-source;</li>
<li><a href="https://www.dadocloud.ovh">Nextcloud</a></li>
<li><a href="https://chat.dadocloud.ovh">Snikket</a>: una piattaforma di messaggistica istantanea basata sul protocollo XMPP;</li>
<li><a href="https://molly.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it">Mollysocket</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Per il monitoraggio pubblico dell&rsquo;istanza e dei servizi annessi, vedere: <a href="https://mon.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it/status/health">Kuma</a></p>
<h3 id="scheduled">Scheduled</h3>
<ul>
<li>RocketChat</li>
<li>Matrix (Dendrite)</li>
<li>Chatmail</li>
<li>Mailcow</li>
<li>Wireguard VPN</li>
<li>&hellip;</li>
</ul>
]]></description> ]]></description>
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<h1>Creazione e gestione chiavi SSH</h1>
<p class="date">
<span title='Date'></span>
2024-07-06
</p>
<div><p><strong>SSH</strong> è un protocollo client / server utilizzato per i login remoti. Utilizzando la crittografia per l&rsquo;autenticazione, SSH fornisce un metodo
crittografato per accedere al server o ad un&rsquo;altra macchina.</p>
<h2 id="installazione-ssh">Installazione SSH</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo apt install openssh-server
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo systemctl start ssh
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo systemctl <span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">enable</span> ssh <span style="color:#6272a4">#Abilita SSH all&#39;accensione della macchina</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="creazione-chiave-ssh">Creazione chiave SSH</h2>
<p>Il protocollo SSH utilizza una tecnica di crittografia chiamata crittografia asimmetrica. Fondamentalmente, la crittografia asimmetrica è un sistema che usa una coppia di chiavi, cioè la <em>chiave pubblica</em> e quella <em>privata</em>.</p>
<p>La chiave pubblica può essere condivisa con chiunque, avendo come scopo principale quello di criptare i dati, convertendo il messaggio in un codice segreto. Questa chiave viene solitamente inviata ad altri sistemi, per esempio i server, per criptare i dati prima di inviarli su Internet.</p>
<p>Daltra parte, la chiave privata è quella che deve rimanere segreta e viene usata per decifrare i dati crittografati con la chiave pubblica. Senza di essa, è impossibile decodificare le informazioni criptate.</p>
<p>Questo metodo permette al client e al server di mantenere un canale di comunicazione sicuro.</p>
<p>Ecco cosa succede in background quando si avvia una connessione SSH ad un server:</p>
<ul>
<li>Il client invia la chiave pubblica al server;</li>
<li>Il server chiede al client di firmare un messaggio casuale criptato con la chiave pubblica usando la chiave privata;</li>
<li>Il client firma il messaggio e inoltra il risultato al server;</li>
<li>Viene stabilita una connessione sicura tra il client e il server.</li>
</ul>
<p>La coppia di chiavi viene creata sulla propria macchina (client) in questo modo:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C <span style="color:#f1fa8c">&#34;&lt;commento&gt;&#34;</span> -f /home/user/.ssh/key_name
</span></span></code></pre></div><ul>
<li>dove <code>ed25519</code> indica lalgoritmo utilizzato per creare la firma digitale della coppia di chiavi. Se il sistema lo supporta, ed25519 è il miglior algoritmo per creare coppie di chiavi SSH;</li>
<li>il flag <code>-C</code> è utilizzato per fornire un <em>commento</em> personalizzato alla fine della chiave pubblica, che di solito è lemail o lidentificazione del creatore della coppia di chiavi.</li>
</ul>
<p>Ecco un esempio:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C <span style="color:#f1fa8c">&#34;dado&#34;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Generating public/private ed25519 key pair.
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Enter file in which to save the key <span style="color:#ff79c6">(</span>~/.ssh/id_ed25519<span style="color:#ff79c6">)</span>: ~/.ssh/&lt;file_name&gt;
</span></span></code></pre></div><ul>
<li>&lt;file_name&gt; indica il nome del file in cui sarà salvata la chiave.</li>
</ul>
<p>Poi verrà chiesta una <em>passphrase</em> da aggiungere alla coppia di chiavi. Questo aggiunge un ulteriore livello di sicurezza se, in qualsiasi momento, il vostro dispositivo viene compromesso. Non è obbligatorio aggiungere una passphrase, ma è sempre raccomandato.</p>
<p>Questo comando genera due file nella directory selezionata (comunemente ~/.ssh):</p>
<ul>
<li>la chiave pubblica con lestensione <code>.pub</code>;</li>
<li>e quella privata senza estensione.</li>
</ul>
<p>La chiave pubblica può essere vista con un semplice comando:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>cat /home/dado/.ssh/&lt;file_name&gt;.pub
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="caricamento-della-chiave-ssh-nella-macchina-remota-server">Caricamento della chiave SSH nella macchina remota (server)</h2>
<p>L&rsquo;output del comando precedente deve essere copiato nel file <strong>.ssh/authorized_keys</strong> presente sulla macchina remota.</p>
<p>Per prima cosa, Si accede tramite SSH alla macchina remota:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh user@indirizzo_ip
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh root@10.21.81.138 -p <span style="color:#bd93f9">1220</span> <span style="color:#ff79c6">(</span>per una porta differente dalla 22<span style="color:#ff79c6">)</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#ff79c6">[</span>15:33:25<span style="color:#ff79c6">]</span>root@server:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">cd</span> .ssh
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#ff79c6">[</span>15:33:31<span style="color:#ff79c6">]</span>root@server:~/.ssh
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">echo</span> ssh-ed25519 ******************************************************* dado &gt;&gt; authorized_keys
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Oppure, se si preferisce, si può utilizzare Nano ovvero Vim. Tramite il comando <code>cat .ssh/authorized_keys</code> o <code>less .ssh/authorized_keys</code> è possibile vedere la propria chiave nel file di configurazione.</p>
<h3 id="configurazione-ssh-sulla-macchina-locale">Configurazione SSH sulla macchina locale</h3>
<p>Nel file di configurazione locale, va indicato come raggiungere l&rsquo;host remoto:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>vim .ssh/config
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>host &lt;key_name&gt; <span style="color:#6272a4">#il nome della macchina remota alla quale si accederà</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>hostname 10.21.81.138 <span style="color:#6272a4">#indirizzo ip della macchina remota</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>user root
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>IdentityFile ~/.ssh/&lt;file_name&gt; <span style="color:#6272a4">#indicare il percorso della chiave ssh privata</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>TCPKeepAlive yes
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>port <span style="color:#bd93f9">22</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="accedere-alla-macchina-remota">Accedere alla macchina remota</h3>
<p>Per accedere a una macchina server tramite SSH è necessario conoscere l&rsquo;indirizzo ip di questa macchina e il nome dell&rsquo;utente. Ciò è possibile scoprirlo con questi semplici comandi:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span> hostname -I
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>192.168.0.115
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> whoami
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>In assenza della chiave, quindi si può sempre accedere in questo modo:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span> ssh dado@192.168.0.115
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Altrimenti, per accedere alla macchina basta digitare:
<code>ssh &lt;key_name&gt;</code>
Ad esempio:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh mnt-bbb
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="aggiungere-la-chiave-ssh-allaccount-git">Aggiungere la Chiave SSH allAccount Git</h2>
<p>Nelle impostazioni del proprio account, aggiungere la propria chiave pubblica nel campo <code>SSH and GPG keys</code>.</p>
<p>Quindi, configurare il file .ssh/config nella macchina locale:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#6272a4"># host gitea.it/dado</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#6272a4"># hostname 10.97.57.55</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>user &lt;name&gt;
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>IdentityFile /home/user/.ssh/&lt;file&gt;
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>TCPKeepAlive yes
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>port <span style="color:#bd93f9">22</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Modificare le impostazioni di <code>git</code>:
<code>git config --global --edit</code></p>
<h2 id="copiare-la-chiave-pubblica-in-remoto">Copiare la chiave pubblica in remoto</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub -p &lt;port_number&gt; &lt;username&gt;@&lt;host&gt;
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="collegamenti">Collegamenti</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://linuxhint.com/enable-ssh-server-debian/">https://linuxhint.com/enable-ssh-server-debian/</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://wiki.debian.org/it/SSH">https://wiki.debian.org/it/SSH</a></p>
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<p>Siamo due amici, <a href="">Andrea</a> e <a href="">Davide</a>, aka <em>yak</em> e <em>dado</em>. Abbiamo ideato questo progetto, <strong>Il nostro pianeta selvaggio</strong>, un po&rsquo; per gioco, immaginandolo come il nostro spazio, ossia uno spazio personale e anarchico (appunto selvaggio), nel quale portare le nostre passioni, raccontarci e, sopratutto, divertirci.</p>
<p>Oltre al presente sito web, come potete leggere dalla homepage, abbiamo in cantiere diversi servizi, tra cui un podcast, che partirà a breve!</p>
<p>Entrambi appassionati di Free Software, di cinema e di informatica, ma ognuno con le sue peculiarità: Andrea si occupa principalmente di gestire il podcast e tutta la parte audio, mentre Davide gestisce l&rsquo;infrastruttura informatica che ci sta dietro.</p>
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<p>Siamo due amici, <a href="">Andrea</a> e <a href="">Davide</a>, aka <em>yak</em> e <em>dado</em>. Abbiamo ideato questo progetto, <strong>Il nostro pianeta selvaggio</strong>, un po&rsquo; per gioco, immaginandolo come il nostro spazio, ossia uno spazio personale e anarchico (appunto selvaggio), nel quale portare le nostre passioni, raccontarci e, sopratutto, divertirci.</p>
<p>Oltre al presente sito web, come potete leggere dalla homepage, abbiamo in cantiere diversi servizi, tra cui un podcast, che partirà a breve!</p>
<p>Entrambi appassionati di Free Software, di cinema e di informatica, ma ognuno con le sue peculiarità: Andrea si occupa principalmente di gestire il podcast e tutta la parte audio, mentre Davide gestisce l&rsquo;infrastruttura informatica che ci sta dietro.</p>
<p>Ringraziamo anche <a href="https://www.instagram.com/v4lent_4rt">Valentina</a> per i bei loghi!</p>
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<a href="https://www.ilnostropianetaselvaggio.it/posts/ssh/">Creazione e gestione chiavi SSH</a>
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<description><![CDATA[<p><strong>SSH</strong> è un protocollo client / server utilizzato per i login remoti. Utilizzando la crittografia per l&rsquo;autenticazione, SSH fornisce un metodo
crittografato per accedere al server o ad un&rsquo;altra macchina.</p>
<h2 id="installazione-ssh">Installazione SSH</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo apt install openssh-server
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo systemctl start ssh
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo systemctl <span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">enable</span> ssh <span style="color:#6272a4">#Abilita SSH all&#39;accensione della macchina</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="creazione-chiave-ssh">Creazione chiave SSH</h2>
<p>Il protocollo SSH utilizza una tecnica di crittografia chiamata crittografia asimmetrica. Fondamentalmente, la crittografia asimmetrica è un sistema che usa una coppia di chiavi, cioè la <em>chiave pubblica</em> e quella <em>privata</em>.</p>
<p>La chiave pubblica può essere condivisa con chiunque, avendo come scopo principale quello di criptare i dati, convertendo il messaggio in un codice segreto. Questa chiave viene solitamente inviata ad altri sistemi, per esempio i server, per criptare i dati prima di inviarli su Internet.</p>
<p>Daltra parte, la chiave privata è quella che deve rimanere segreta e viene usata per decifrare i dati crittografati con la chiave pubblica. Senza di essa, è impossibile decodificare le informazioni criptate.</p>
<p>Questo metodo permette al client e al server di mantenere un canale di comunicazione sicuro.</p>
<p>Ecco cosa succede in background quando si avvia una connessione SSH ad un server:</p>
<ul>
<li>Il client invia la chiave pubblica al server;</li>
<li>Il server chiede al client di firmare un messaggio casuale criptato con la chiave pubblica usando la chiave privata;</li>
<li>Il client firma il messaggio e inoltra il risultato al server;</li>
<li>Viene stabilita una connessione sicura tra il client e il server.</li>
</ul>
<p>La coppia di chiavi viene creata sulla propria macchina (client) in questo modo:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C <span style="color:#f1fa8c">&#34;&lt;commento&gt;&#34;</span> -f /home/user/.ssh/key_name
</span></span></code></pre></div><ul>
<li>dove <code>ed25519</code> indica lalgoritmo utilizzato per creare la firma digitale della coppia di chiavi. Se il sistema lo supporta, ed25519 è il miglior algoritmo per creare coppie di chiavi SSH;</li>
<li>il flag <code>-C</code> è utilizzato per fornire un <em>commento</em> personalizzato alla fine della chiave pubblica, che di solito è lemail o lidentificazione del creatore della coppia di chiavi.</li>
</ul>
<p>Ecco un esempio:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C <span style="color:#f1fa8c">&#34;dado&#34;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Generating public/private ed25519 key pair.
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Enter file in which to save the key <span style="color:#ff79c6">(</span>~/.ssh/id_ed25519<span style="color:#ff79c6">)</span>: ~/.ssh/&lt;file_name&gt;
</span></span></code></pre></div><ul>
<li>&lt;file_name&gt; indica il nome del file in cui sarà salvata la chiave.</li>
</ul>
<p>Poi verrà chiesta una <em>passphrase</em> da aggiungere alla coppia di chiavi. Questo aggiunge un ulteriore livello di sicurezza se, in qualsiasi momento, il vostro dispositivo viene compromesso. Non è obbligatorio aggiungere una passphrase, ma è sempre raccomandato.</p>
<p>Questo comando genera due file nella directory selezionata (comunemente ~/.ssh):</p>
<ul>
<li>la chiave pubblica con lestensione <code>.pub</code>;</li>
<li>e quella privata senza estensione.</li>
</ul>
<p>La chiave pubblica può essere vista con un semplice comando:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>cat /home/dado/.ssh/&lt;file_name&gt;.pub
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="caricamento-della-chiave-ssh-nella-macchina-remota-server">Caricamento della chiave SSH nella macchina remota (server)</h2>
<p>L&rsquo;output del comando precedente deve essere copiato nel file <strong>.ssh/authorized_keys</strong> presente sulla macchina remota.</p>
<p>Per prima cosa, Si accede tramite SSH alla macchina remota:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh user@indirizzo_ip
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh root@10.21.81.138 -p <span style="color:#bd93f9">1220</span> <span style="color:#ff79c6">(</span>per una porta differente dalla 22<span style="color:#ff79c6">)</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#ff79c6">[</span>15:33:25<span style="color:#ff79c6">]</span>root@server:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">cd</span> .ssh
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#ff79c6">[</span>15:33:31<span style="color:#ff79c6">]</span>root@server:~/.ssh
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">echo</span> ssh-ed25519 ******************************************************* dado &gt;&gt; authorized_keys
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Oppure, se si preferisce, si può utilizzare Nano ovvero Vim. Tramite il comando <code>cat .ssh/authorized_keys</code> o <code>less .ssh/authorized_keys</code> è possibile vedere la propria chiave nel file di configurazione.</p>
<h3 id="configurazione-ssh-sulla-macchina-locale">Configurazione SSH sulla macchina locale</h3>
<p>Nel file di configurazione locale, va indicato come raggiungere l&rsquo;host remoto:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>vim .ssh/config
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>host &lt;key_name&gt; <span style="color:#6272a4">#il nome della macchina remota alla quale si accederà</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>hostname 10.21.81.138 <span style="color:#6272a4">#indirizzo ip della macchina remota</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>user root
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>IdentityFile ~/.ssh/&lt;file_name&gt; <span style="color:#6272a4">#indicare il percorso della chiave ssh privata</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>TCPKeepAlive yes
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>port <span style="color:#bd93f9">22</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="accedere-alla-macchina-remota">Accedere alla macchina remota</h3>
<p>Per accedere a una macchina server tramite SSH è necessario conoscere l&rsquo;indirizzo ip di questa macchina e il nome dell&rsquo;utente. Ciò è possibile scoprirlo con questi semplici comandi:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span> hostname -I
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>192.168.0.115
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> whoami
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>In assenza della chiave, quindi si può sempre accedere in questo modo:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span> ssh dado@192.168.0.115
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Altrimenti, per accedere alla macchina basta digitare:
<code>ssh &lt;key_name&gt;</code>
Ad esempio:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh mnt-bbb
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="aggiungere-la-chiave-ssh-allaccount-git">Aggiungere la Chiave SSH allAccount Git</h2>
<p>Nelle impostazioni del proprio account, aggiungere la propria chiave pubblica nel campo <code>SSH and GPG keys</code>.</p>
<p>Quindi, configurare il file .ssh/config nella macchina locale:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#6272a4"># host gitea.it/dado</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#6272a4"># hostname 10.97.57.55</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>user &lt;name&gt;
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>IdentityFile /home/user/.ssh/&lt;file&gt;
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>TCPKeepAlive yes
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>port <span style="color:#bd93f9">22</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Modificare le impostazioni di <code>git</code>:
<code>git config --global --edit</code></p>
<h2 id="copiare-la-chiave-pubblica-in-remoto">Copiare la chiave pubblica in remoto</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub -p &lt;port_number&gt; &lt;username&gt;@&lt;host&gt;
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="collegamenti">Collegamenti</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://linuxhint.com/enable-ssh-server-debian/">https://linuxhint.com/enable-ssh-server-debian/</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://wiki.debian.org/it/SSH">https://wiki.debian.org/it/SSH</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh">https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://kinsta.com/it/blog/generare-chiavi-ssh/">https://kinsta.com/it/blog/generare-chiavi-ssh/</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
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<description><![CDATA[<p><strong>SSH</strong> è un protocollo client / server utilizzato per i login remoti. Utilizzando la crittografia per l&rsquo;autenticazione, SSH fornisce un metodo
crittografato per accedere al server o ad un&rsquo;altra macchina.</p>
<h2 id="installazione-ssh">Installazione SSH</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo apt install openssh-server
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo systemctl start ssh
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo systemctl <span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">enable</span> ssh <span style="color:#6272a4">#Abilita SSH all&#39;accensione della macchina</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="creazione-chiave-ssh">Creazione chiave SSH</h2>
<p>Il protocollo SSH utilizza una tecnica di crittografia chiamata crittografia asimmetrica. Fondamentalmente, la crittografia asimmetrica è un sistema che usa una coppia di chiavi, cioè la <em>chiave pubblica</em> e quella <em>privata</em>.</p>
<p>La chiave pubblica può essere condivisa con chiunque, avendo come scopo principale quello di criptare i dati, convertendo il messaggio in un codice segreto. Questa chiave viene solitamente inviata ad altri sistemi, per esempio i server, per criptare i dati prima di inviarli su Internet.</p>
<p>Daltra parte, la chiave privata è quella che deve rimanere segreta e viene usata per decifrare i dati crittografati con la chiave pubblica. Senza di essa, è impossibile decodificare le informazioni criptate.</p>
<p>Questo metodo permette al client e al server di mantenere un canale di comunicazione sicuro.</p>
<p>Ecco cosa succede in background quando si avvia una connessione SSH ad un server:</p>
<ul>
<li>Il client invia la chiave pubblica al server;</li>
<li>Il server chiede al client di firmare un messaggio casuale criptato con la chiave pubblica usando la chiave privata;</li>
<li>Il client firma il messaggio e inoltra il risultato al server;</li>
<li>Viene stabilita una connessione sicura tra il client e il server.</li>
</ul>
<p>La coppia di chiavi viene creata sulla propria macchina (client) in questo modo:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C <span style="color:#f1fa8c">&#34;&lt;commento&gt;&#34;</span> -f /home/user/.ssh/key_name
</span></span></code></pre></div><ul>
<li>dove <code>ed25519</code> indica lalgoritmo utilizzato per creare la firma digitale della coppia di chiavi. Se il sistema lo supporta, ed25519 è il miglior algoritmo per creare coppie di chiavi SSH;</li>
<li>il flag <code>-C</code> è utilizzato per fornire un <em>commento</em> personalizzato alla fine della chiave pubblica, che di solito è lemail o lidentificazione del creatore della coppia di chiavi.</li>
</ul>
<p>Ecco un esempio:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C <span style="color:#f1fa8c">&#34;dado&#34;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Generating public/private ed25519 key pair.
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Enter file in which to save the key <span style="color:#ff79c6">(</span>~/.ssh/id_ed25519<span style="color:#ff79c6">)</span>: ~/.ssh/&lt;file_name&gt;
</span></span></code></pre></div><ul>
<li>&lt;file_name&gt; indica il nome del file in cui sarà salvata la chiave.</li>
</ul>
<p>Poi verrà chiesta una <em>passphrase</em> da aggiungere alla coppia di chiavi. Questo aggiunge un ulteriore livello di sicurezza se, in qualsiasi momento, il vostro dispositivo viene compromesso. Non è obbligatorio aggiungere una passphrase, ma è sempre raccomandato.</p>
<p>Questo comando genera due file nella directory selezionata (comunemente ~/.ssh):</p>
<ul>
<li>la chiave pubblica con lestensione <code>.pub</code>;</li>
<li>e quella privata senza estensione.</li>
</ul>
<p>La chiave pubblica può essere vista con un semplice comando:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>cat /home/dado/.ssh/&lt;file_name&gt;.pub
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="caricamento-della-chiave-ssh-nella-macchina-remota-server">Caricamento della chiave SSH nella macchina remota (server)</h2>
<p>L&rsquo;output del comando precedente deve essere copiato nel file <strong>.ssh/authorized_keys</strong> presente sulla macchina remota.</p>
<p>Per prima cosa, Si accede tramite SSH alla macchina remota:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh user@indirizzo_ip
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh root@10.21.81.138 -p <span style="color:#bd93f9">1220</span> <span style="color:#ff79c6">(</span>per una porta differente dalla 22<span style="color:#ff79c6">)</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#ff79c6">[</span>15:33:25<span style="color:#ff79c6">]</span>root@server:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">cd</span> .ssh
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#ff79c6">[</span>15:33:31<span style="color:#ff79c6">]</span>root@server:~/.ssh
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">echo</span> ssh-ed25519 ******************************************************* dado &gt;&gt; authorized_keys
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Oppure, se si preferisce, si può utilizzare Nano ovvero Vim. Tramite il comando <code>cat .ssh/authorized_keys</code> o <code>less .ssh/authorized_keys</code> è possibile vedere la propria chiave nel file di configurazione.</p>
<h3 id="configurazione-ssh-sulla-macchina-locale">Configurazione SSH sulla macchina locale</h3>
<p>Nel file di configurazione locale, va indicato come raggiungere l&rsquo;host remoto:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>vim .ssh/config
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>host &lt;key_name&gt; <span style="color:#6272a4">#il nome della macchina remota alla quale si accederà</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>hostname 10.21.81.138 <span style="color:#6272a4">#indirizzo ip della macchina remota</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>user root
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>IdentityFile ~/.ssh/&lt;file_name&gt; <span style="color:#6272a4">#indicare il percorso della chiave ssh privata</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>TCPKeepAlive yes
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>port <span style="color:#bd93f9">22</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="accedere-alla-macchina-remota">Accedere alla macchina remota</h3>
<p>Per accedere a una macchina server tramite SSH è necessario conoscere l&rsquo;indirizzo ip di questa macchina e il nome dell&rsquo;utente. Ciò è possibile scoprirlo con questi semplici comandi:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span> hostname -I
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>192.168.0.115
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> whoami
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>In assenza della chiave, quindi si può sempre accedere in questo modo:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span> ssh dado@192.168.0.115
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Altrimenti, per accedere alla macchina basta digitare:
<code>ssh &lt;key_name&gt;</code>
Ad esempio:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh mnt-bbb
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="aggiungere-la-chiave-ssh-allaccount-git">Aggiungere la Chiave SSH allAccount Git</h2>
<p>Nelle impostazioni del proprio account, aggiungere la propria chiave pubblica nel campo <code>SSH and GPG keys</code>.</p>
<p>Quindi, configurare il file .ssh/config nella macchina locale:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#6272a4"># host gitea.it/dado</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#6272a4"># hostname 10.97.57.55</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>user &lt;name&gt;
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>IdentityFile /home/user/.ssh/&lt;file&gt;
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>TCPKeepAlive yes
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>port <span style="color:#bd93f9">22</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Modificare le impostazioni di <code>git</code>:
<code>git config --global --edit</code></p>
<h2 id="copiare-la-chiave-pubblica-in-remoto">Copiare la chiave pubblica in remoto</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub -p &lt;port_number&gt; &lt;username&gt;@&lt;host&gt;
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="collegamenti">Collegamenti</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://linuxhint.com/enable-ssh-server-debian/">https://linuxhint.com/enable-ssh-server-debian/</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://wiki.debian.org/it/SSH">https://wiki.debian.org/it/SSH</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh">https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://kinsta.com/it/blog/generare-chiavi-ssh/">https://kinsta.com/it/blog/generare-chiavi-ssh/</a></p>
</li>
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<description><![CDATA[<p><strong>SSH</strong> è un protocollo client / server utilizzato per i login remoti. Utilizzando la crittografia per l&rsquo;autenticazione, SSH fornisce un metodo
crittografato per accedere al server o ad un&rsquo;altra macchina.</p>
<h2 id="installazione-ssh">Installazione SSH</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo apt install openssh-server
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo systemctl start ssh
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo systemctl <span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">enable</span> ssh <span style="color:#6272a4">#Abilita SSH all&#39;accensione della macchina</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="creazione-chiave-ssh">Creazione chiave SSH</h2>
<p>Il protocollo SSH utilizza una tecnica di crittografia chiamata crittografia asimmetrica. Fondamentalmente, la crittografia asimmetrica è un sistema che usa una coppia di chiavi, cioè la <em>chiave pubblica</em> e quella <em>privata</em>.</p>
<p>La chiave pubblica può essere condivisa con chiunque, avendo come scopo principale quello di criptare i dati, convertendo il messaggio in un codice segreto. Questa chiave viene solitamente inviata ad altri sistemi, per esempio i server, per criptare i dati prima di inviarli su Internet.</p>
<p>Daltra parte, la chiave privata è quella che deve rimanere segreta e viene usata per decifrare i dati crittografati con la chiave pubblica. Senza di essa, è impossibile decodificare le informazioni criptate.</p>
<p>Questo metodo permette al client e al server di mantenere un canale di comunicazione sicuro.</p>
<p>Ecco cosa succede in background quando si avvia una connessione SSH ad un server:</p>
<ul>
<li>Il client invia la chiave pubblica al server;</li>
<li>Il server chiede al client di firmare un messaggio casuale criptato con la chiave pubblica usando la chiave privata;</li>
<li>Il client firma il messaggio e inoltra il risultato al server;</li>
<li>Viene stabilita una connessione sicura tra il client e il server.</li>
</ul>
<p>La coppia di chiavi viene creata sulla propria macchina (client) in questo modo:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C <span style="color:#f1fa8c">&#34;&lt;commento&gt;&#34;</span> -f /home/user/.ssh/key_name
</span></span></code></pre></div><ul>
<li>dove <code>ed25519</code> indica lalgoritmo utilizzato per creare la firma digitale della coppia di chiavi. Se il sistema lo supporta, ed25519 è il miglior algoritmo per creare coppie di chiavi SSH;</li>
<li>il flag <code>-C</code> è utilizzato per fornire un <em>commento</em> personalizzato alla fine della chiave pubblica, che di solito è lemail o lidentificazione del creatore della coppia di chiavi.</li>
</ul>
<p>Ecco un esempio:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C <span style="color:#f1fa8c">&#34;dado&#34;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Generating public/private ed25519 key pair.
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Enter file in which to save the key <span style="color:#ff79c6">(</span>~/.ssh/id_ed25519<span style="color:#ff79c6">)</span>: ~/.ssh/&lt;file_name&gt;
</span></span></code></pre></div><ul>
<li>&lt;file_name&gt; indica il nome del file in cui sarà salvata la chiave.</li>
</ul>
<p>Poi verrà chiesta una <em>passphrase</em> da aggiungere alla coppia di chiavi. Questo aggiunge un ulteriore livello di sicurezza se, in qualsiasi momento, il vostro dispositivo viene compromesso. Non è obbligatorio aggiungere una passphrase, ma è sempre raccomandato.</p>
<p>Questo comando genera due file nella directory selezionata (comunemente ~/.ssh):</p>
<ul>
<li>la chiave pubblica con lestensione <code>.pub</code>;</li>
<li>e quella privata senza estensione.</li>
</ul>
<p>La chiave pubblica può essere vista con un semplice comando:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>cat /home/dado/.ssh/&lt;file_name&gt;.pub
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="caricamento-della-chiave-ssh-nella-macchina-remota-server">Caricamento della chiave SSH nella macchina remota (server)</h2>
<p>L&rsquo;output del comando precedente deve essere copiato nel file <strong>.ssh/authorized_keys</strong> presente sulla macchina remota.</p>
<p>Per prima cosa, Si accede tramite SSH alla macchina remota:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh user@indirizzo_ip
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh root@10.21.81.138 -p <span style="color:#bd93f9">1220</span> <span style="color:#ff79c6">(</span>per una porta differente dalla 22<span style="color:#ff79c6">)</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#ff79c6">[</span>15:33:25<span style="color:#ff79c6">]</span>root@server:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">cd</span> .ssh
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#ff79c6">[</span>15:33:31<span style="color:#ff79c6">]</span>root@server:~/.ssh
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#8be9fd;font-style:italic">echo</span> ssh-ed25519 ******************************************************* dado &gt;&gt; authorized_keys
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Oppure, se si preferisce, si può utilizzare Nano ovvero Vim. Tramite il comando <code>cat .ssh/authorized_keys</code> o <code>less .ssh/authorized_keys</code> è possibile vedere la propria chiave nel file di configurazione.</p>
<h3 id="configurazione-ssh-sulla-macchina-locale">Configurazione SSH sulla macchina locale</h3>
<p>Nel file di configurazione locale, va indicato come raggiungere l&rsquo;host remoto:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>vim .ssh/config
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>host &lt;key_name&gt; <span style="color:#6272a4">#il nome della macchina remota alla quale si accederà</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>hostname 10.21.81.138 <span style="color:#6272a4">#indirizzo ip della macchina remota</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>user root
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>IdentityFile ~/.ssh/&lt;file_name&gt; <span style="color:#6272a4">#indicare il percorso della chiave ssh privata</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>TCPKeepAlive yes
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>port <span style="color:#bd93f9">22</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="accedere-alla-macchina-remota">Accedere alla macchina remota</h3>
<p>Per accedere a una macchina server tramite SSH è necessario conoscere l&rsquo;indirizzo ip di questa macchina e il nome dell&rsquo;utente. Ciò è possibile scoprirlo con questi semplici comandi:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span> hostname -I
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>192.168.0.115
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> whoami
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>In assenza della chiave, quindi si può sempre accedere in questo modo:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span> ssh dado@192.168.0.115
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Altrimenti, per accedere alla macchina basta digitare:
<code>ssh &lt;key_name&gt;</code>
Ad esempio:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>dado@WORKSTATION03:~
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh mnt-bbb
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="aggiungere-la-chiave-ssh-allaccount-git">Aggiungere la Chiave SSH allAccount Git</h2>
<p>Nelle impostazioni del proprio account, aggiungere la propria chiave pubblica nel campo <code>SSH and GPG keys</code>.</p>
<p>Quindi, configurare il file .ssh/config nella macchina locale:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#6272a4"># host gitea.it/dado</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#6272a4"># hostname 10.97.57.55</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>user &lt;name&gt;
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>IdentityFile /home/user/.ssh/&lt;file&gt;
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>TCPKeepAlive yes
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>port <span style="color:#bd93f9">22</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Modificare le impostazioni di <code>git</code>:
<code>git config --global --edit</code></p>
<h2 id="copiare-la-chiave-pubblica-in-remoto">Copiare la chiave pubblica in remoto</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub -p &lt;port_number&gt; &lt;username&gt;@&lt;host&gt;
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="collegamenti">Collegamenti</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://linuxhint.com/enable-ssh-server-debian/">https://linuxhint.com/enable-ssh-server-debian/</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://wiki.debian.org/it/SSH">https://wiki.debian.org/it/SSH</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh">https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://kinsta.com/it/blog/generare-chiavi-ssh/">https://kinsta.com/it/blog/generare-chiavi-ssh/</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
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Yak &ndash;
Il nostro pianeta selvaggio
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<p>Siamo due amici, <a href="">Andrea</a> e <a href="">Davide</a>, aka <em>yak</em> e <em>dado</em>. Abbiamo ideato questo progetto, <strong>Il nostro pianeta selvaggio</strong>, un po&rsquo; per gioco, immaginandolo come il nostro spazio, ossia uno spazio personale e anarchico (appunto selvaggio), nel quale portare le nostre passioni, raccontarci e, sopratutto, divertirci.</p>
<p>Oltre al presente sito web, come potete leggere dalla homepage, abbiamo in cantiere diversi servizi, tra cui un podcast, che partirà a breve!</p>
<p>Entrambi appassionati di Free Software, di cinema e di informatica, ma ognuno con le sue peculiarità: Andrea si occupa principalmente di gestire il podcast e tutta la parte audio, mentre Davide gestisce l&rsquo;infrastruttura informatica che ci sta dietro.</p>
<p>Ringraziamo anche <a href="https://www.instagram.com/v4lent_4rt">Valentina</a> per i bei loghi!</p>
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